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auntie says: It’s easy to understand the Squamish Nation Constitution!

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  1. Preamble (Our Story) The Preamble explains who we are as Squamish People—our connection to the land, our ancestors, our history, our teachings and values.
  2. 1 Interpretation Part one explains how the constitution will be used to strengthen and grow our way of life.
  3. 2 Our People Part two makes sure only Squamish People decide who is Squamish.
  4. 3 Rights and Responsibilities Part three protects your right to hunt, fish, practice our culture, and more.
  5. 4 Our Languages Part four makes sure our language thrives.
  6. 5 Our Territory Part five protects our land and territory for all of us, for now and forever.
  7. 6 Working Together Part six guarantees your right to a government you can trust and take part in.
  8. 7 Dispute Resolution Part seven gives you a voice in resolving conflicts and restoring justice.
  9. 8 Law-Making Part eight gives you a say in how we make new laws.
  10. 9 Agreements Part nine protects your interests when the Squamish government makes decisions on our behalf.
  11. 10 Amending the Constitution Part ten makes sure the constitution is working for you and can be improved over time.
  12. Definitions

Hands carving a cedar pole.

Preamble

Our Story

The Preamble (Our Story) explains who we are as Squamish People—our connection to the land, our ancestors, our history, our teachings and values. It tells the story of our resilience in the face of change and our determination to see our culture thrive into the future.

Tell us what you think

We are the Skwxwú7mesh Úxwumixw.

We are the descendants of the original people of these lands. We are the people of the wind, the rivers, the mountains, the forests and the ocean. Our ancestors lived with and walked on the lands with wisdom and strength, as we do today. The connection between our Stélmexw (people) and our X̱ay Temíxw (sacred lands) is woven through our creation stories, our language, and our ancestral names and place names. Our snew̓íyelh (teachings) come from the longhouse, the land, and the wisdom of our Elders passed on through our history, ceremonies and culture. They are the foundation of our laws and way of life.

We have endured many chapters of change. Yet, we remain. We are resilient. We are proud. We are thriving. We honour our responsibility to the land and our sacred relationship with all living beings in order to protect our Siyám̓in (Territory) for the generations yet to come.

We hold up our siyám̓s (respected ones), our elders, our children, and our ancestors. We celebrate the strength of our families, the unity of our communities, and the sacredness of our relationships. We stand together as a Nation, with one heart and one mind.

This Constitution is our collective voice, prayer and our promise to protect future generations. It is a living document – rooted in our traditions, building on the 1923 Prayer of Amalgamation that brought us together, and shaped by our vision of the future. It is a bridge between our past and our future – as a Nation that is sovereign, self-sustaining, culturally vibrant, and united.

We will continue to walk in two worlds, guided by our snew̓íyelh (teachings) and empowered by our knowledge. We will use the tools of today to preserve the collective wisdom of yesterday for the generations of tomorrow.

We are Sḵwx̱wú7mesh. We have always been here, we are here, and we will always be here.

Your Voice Matters.

One or two plain sentences setting up the question about who the Nation is and where this document comes from.A statement about who the Nation is and where this document comes from, for people to agree or disagree with.

Your Voice Matters.

One or two plain sentences setting up the question about the Preamble’s closing words.A statement about the Preamble’s closing words, for people to agree or disagree with.

Your voice matters.

Tell us what this section means to you.

We're asking for feedback from members of the Squamish Nation. Before your first answer or comment, we'll ask once whether you're a member.

A woman in sunglasses and a grey T-shirt holds a microphone out to a man in a cap and black vest, walking a dog on a residential street.Watch the Part 1 video on YouTube

1 min 19 sec

Read the transcript

Auntie: I feel the bugs! It’s okay, it’s okay, it’s okay! Mind over matter.

On screen: Wanna understand the Squamish Nation Constitution? Auntie says it’s easy. 01 Interpretation.

Auntie: Hey, quick question! Should Squamish culture and territory be protected?

Community member: Of course!

Community member: Yes, absolutely.

Auntie: Should all Squamish People be respected equally, or should the aunties be respected more?

Community member: Equal! All from the teeny tiny babies up to the old cranky aunties.

Auntie: Should all Squamish People be respected, or just aunties?

Community member: All Squamish People.

Auntie: Should Squamish People have a good quality of life, even if they’re Edmonton Oilers fans?

Community member: Well, Edmonton Oilers fans, they can go back to Edmonton, but—

Auntie: …even if they’re Edmonton Oilers fans?

Community member: Yes, even the Oilers fans.

Community member: Yes! Our Squamish People should have a good quality of life.

Auntie: Part 1 of the Constitution will explain how this document will be used to help grow, and strengthen our way of life and that’s Part 1. Learn more!

On screen: AuntieSays.net

Community member: Go sports… Go team…

Auntie: Go sports!

Part 1

Interpretation (including values and principals)

Part one explains how the constitution will be used to strengthen and grow our way of life.

It’s a commitment to our people; a promise to uphold Sḵwx̱wú7mesh culture.

Tell us what you think

Your Voice Matters.

One or two plain sentences setting up the question about the Constitution being the highest written law.A statement about the Constitution being the highest written law, for people to agree or disagree with.

Your Voice Matters.

One or two plain sentences setting up the question about the values the Constitution is read against.A statement about the values the Constitution is read against, for people to agree or disagree with.

Your voice matters.

Tell us what this section means to you.

We're asking for feedback from members of the Squamish Nation. Before your first answer or comment, we'll ask once whether you're a member.

A woman with curly hair and a blue-grey T-shirt holds a microphone out to an older woman with short grey hair, in an open field.Watch the Part 2 video on YouTube

1 min 39 sec

Read the transcript

On screen: Wanna understand the Squamish Nation Constitution?

Auntie: Brent, Brent, Brent, Brent!

On screen: Auntie says it’s easy. 02 Our People.

Auntie: How do you know if someone’s Squamish? By their auntie earrings, or by their hamburger soup?

Community member: My daughter asked me to make that the other day!

Community member: Maybe by their auntie earrings?

Community member: How do you know somebody is Squamish?

Auntie: Yeah, is it their auntie earrings or the way they make hamburger soup?

Community member: Kinda both, I think?

Community member: Could be a lot of things, but both, for earrings and soup!

Community member: …and they repeat themselves.

Community member: “Think you’re real good, eh? Think you’re real good, eh…”

Community member: Mostly because we recognize our people.

Community member: You get to know the faces, but more importantly you get to know our family.

Auntie: When I say family, you say what?

Community member: What?

Auntie: I knew that’d go like that. Here, let’s try that again. When I say family, you say…

Community member: Nation.

On screen: Stélmexw

Community member: Family, that means family. Stélmexw, I’m stélmexw, you’re stélmexw!

Auntie: When I say family, you say…

Community member: Family! Ayy!

Auntie: Do you agree that Squamish People should get to decide who’s Squamish?

Community member: Yes, we should. We should have that say.

Community member: I would think so. Because, you know, all of our people, in the Squamish Nation, most of us are all related.

Community member: Definitely. Yes. That’s just common sense.

Auntie: Part 2 of the Constitution makes sure that only Squamish People get to decide who’s Squamish. Learn more.

On screen: AuntieSays.net

Auntie: Go learn more! And that’s Part 2!

Part 2

Our People

Part two makes sure only Squamish People decide who is Squamish.

It’s about who we claim and how we do that.

Tell us what you think

Your Voice Matters.

One or two plain sentences setting up the question about a future membership law.A statement about a future membership law, for people to agree or disagree with.

Your Voice Matters.

One or two plain sentences setting up the question about the exclusive right to define membership.A statement about the exclusive right to define membership, for people to agree or disagree with.

Your Voice Matters.

One or two plain sentences setting up the question about the Nation deciding its own membership.A statement about the Nation deciding its own membership, for people to agree or disagree with.

What It Means For Us

Ancestry, connection, and community become our guiding principles for who is recognized as Sḵwx̱wú7mesh. Our next membership code - which is a separate law, will strive to make sure no Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Person is left behind.

See this in the draft constitution, Part 2

Your voice matters.

Tell us what this section means to you.

We're asking for feedback from members of the Squamish Nation. Before your first answer or comment, we'll ask once whether you're a member.

A smiling woman in sunglasses and a grey T-shirt stands with a young woman in a black jacket beside a bike-share e-bike and a wooden fence.Watch the Part 3 video on YouTube

1 min 38 sec

Read the transcript

Auntie: She wants one more take, it’s not perfect! Auntie said!

On screen: Wanna understand the Squamish Nation Constitution? Auntie says it’s easy. 03 Rights and Responsibilities.

Auntie: True or false? Squamish people should have the right to practice and hold our traditions high.

Community member: Yeah, true.

Auntie: Good job!

Community member: C’mon!

Community member: It is important to keep culture alive.

Community member: It’s important to preserve that culture, traditions.

Auntie: Should every Squamish person be allowed to express their opinion or just the real loud ones?

Community member: Everyone should.

Community member: Everyone should!

Auntie: Yeah, everyone?

Community member: Everybody should have a voice in the Constitution. Even Bolt!

Auntie: Heh, even Bolt? True or false, you should be able to hunt in our territory.

Community member: True!

Community member: True.

Auntie: Would you share your fish with me?

Community member: You gotta give me your first one away.

Community member: Yes, true.

Auntie: Ayy!

Community member: How do you like it?

Auntie: Smoked fish?

Community member: Yeah, I would.

Auntie: Awe, thanks unc. Would you share your fish with me?

Community member: Yeah, I would.

Auntie: Awe, huy chexw! Aww. Clean air is a right that everyone should have. Thumbs up or down?

Community member: Thumbs up.

Auntie: Yeah!

Community member: Yes, of course! Thumbs up.

Auntie: Part 3 of the Constitution protects your right to hunt, fish, and practice our culture. Learn more!

On screen: AuntieSays.net

Auntie: And that’s Part 3. You did it! Great job, great job!

Community member: We won’t forget about the fish!

Auntie: Next time I see you… I get smoked fish!

Part 3

Rights and Responsibilities

Part three protects your right to hunt, fish, practice our culture, and more.

It upholds our way of being.

Tell us what you think

Individual Rights

All members of our nation have the right to:

  • Be treated with equal respect
  • Practice and share our ceremonies, traditions and teachings
  • Sustainably fish, hunt, trap, and harvest
  • Move through our Territory
  • Raise children in safety
  • Access clean water and air
  • Take part in decisions that have significant impact
  • Express views and opinions
  • Vote
  • Run for office
See this in the draft constitution, clause 3.2

Your Voice Matters.

One or two plain sentences setting up the question about the limits on those rights.A statement about the limits on those rights, for people to agree or disagree with.

Individual Responsibilities

All members of our nation have a responsibility to:

  • Care and support one another
  • Protect our lands, waters, and air for future generations
  • Uphold our culture
  • Honour our teachings
  • Uphold our laws
  • Participate in community
  • Use the gifts you were born with for our greater good
See this in the draft constitution, clause 3.3

Your Voice Matters.

One or two plain sentences setting up the question about the rights members hold.A statement about the rights members hold, for people to agree or disagree with.

What It Means For Us

No one gets left behind. Our social safety net is strengthened. Our rights to practice our culture and ways of being are protected—today and for future generations. It also outlines the responsibilities of all Sḵwx̱wú7mesh People.

See this in the draft constitution, Part 3

Your Voice Matters.

One or two plain sentences setting up the question about what is asked of members in return.A statement about what is asked of members in return, for people to agree or disagree with.

Your voice matters.

Tell us what this section means to you.

We're asking for feedback from members of the Squamish Nation. Before your first answer or comment, we'll ask once whether you're a member.

Hands carving a cedar pole.

Part 4

Our Languages

Part four makes sure our language thrives.

It's about your right to learn and speak Sḵwx̱wú7mesh. And our Nation's responsibility to make that possible.

Tell us what you think

Commitments

The Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Government will promote the use of our language by:

  • Taking steps to make it the language they use in council
  • Using Sḵwx̱wú7mesh names for places
  • Increasing signage
  • Funding learning programs
See this in the draft constitution, Part 4

Your Voice Matters.

One or two plain sentences setting up the question about protecting and growing the language.A statement about protecting and growing the language, for people to agree or disagree with.

What It Means For Us

Anyone who wants to learn our language will be supported in doing so. Dedicated funding will make sure that stays true for all generations to come.

Our official languages will always be Sḵwx̱wú7mesh and English.

See this in the draft constitution, Part 4

Your voice matters.

Tell us what this section means to you.

We're asking for feedback from members of the Squamish Nation. Before your first answer or comment, we'll ask once whether you're a member.

Hands carving a cedar pole.

Part 5

Our Territory

Part five protects our land and territory for all of us, for now and forever.

It’s about where we live and how we live there.

Tell us what you think

Borders

Image/Map of Territory

Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Territory goes from:

  • The south arm of the Fraser River, including Richmond, to Roberts Creek in the west
  • North along the height of land to the Elaho River headwaters including:
    • All of the waters and islands in Howe Sound
    • The entire Squamish Valley and Howe Sound drainages
  • Southeast to the confluence of the Soo and Green Rivers north from Whistler
  • South along the height of land to Port Moody area, including:
    • The entire Mamquam River
    • Indian Arm drainage
See this in the draft constitution, Part 5

Your Voice Matters.

One or two plain sentences setting up the question about how decisions about the land are made.A statement about how decisions about the land are made, for people to agree or disagree with.

Commitments

The Nation is responsible for our Territory and will:

  • Protect our land, water, air, and all living things for all time
  • Ensure its use aligns with our Squamish values
  • Restore and reclaim ecosystems
  • Preserve our traditional practices
  • Support sustainable development
  • Respond to climate change
  • Build and maintain partnerships with other Nations and governments that advance our stewardship
See this in the draft constitution, Part 5

Your Voice Matters.

One or two plain sentences setting up the question about the Nation’s relationship with its territory.A statement about the Nation’s relationship with its territory, for people to agree or disagree with.

Your Voice Matters.

One or two plain sentences setting up the question about caring for the territory for future generations.A statement about caring for the territory for future generations, for people to agree or disagree with.

Your voice matters.

Tell us what this section means to you.

We're asking for feedback from members of the Squamish Nation. Before your first answer or comment, we'll ask once whether you're a member.

Hands carving a cedar pole.

Part 6

Working Together

Part six guarantees your right to a government you can trust and take part in.

It’s about leadership that works with and for us.

Tell us what you think

Guiding Principles

Our government must be rooted in Sḵwx̱wú7mesh principles of:

  • Give and Take
  • Collective Responsibility
  • Cooperation
  • Humility
  • Service
  • Inclusivity
  • Accessibility
  • Equity
  • Transparency
  • Accountability
See this in the draft constitution, Part 6

Commitments

The Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Government will create and uphold laws that outline:

  • How it is formed
  • How members of Council are selected
  • How culture and consensus will be applied to decision-making

Any Nation structures, bodies, and processes will:

  • Reflect the needs of all Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Members
  • Practice sound financial management
  • Have independent oversight
  • Use clear communication
  • Protect Nation assets
See this in the draft constitution, Part 6

Your Voice Matters.

One or two plain sentences setting up the question about how leadership and members work together.A statement about how leadership and members work together, for people to agree or disagree with.

What It Means For Us

The Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Government must embody our values. Future decision making is transparent. And new and existing laws must reflect and benefit ALL Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Members.

See this in the draft constitution, Part 6

Your voice matters.

Tell us what this section means to you.

We're asking for feedback from members of the Squamish Nation. Before your first answer or comment, we'll ask once whether you're a member.

Hands carving a cedar pole.

Part 7

Dispute Resolution

Part seven gives you a voice in resolving conflicts and restoring justice.

It’s about how we handle disagreements fairly.

Tell us what you think

Commitments

The Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Government will create laws about our dispute resolution process, including:

  • Restorative justice
  • Community
  • Family circle initiatives
  • Appointed individuals and established bodies

The Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Government will create an independent judicial council to:

  • Hear challenges to the validity of our laws
  • Conduct hearings
  • Make recommendations
  • Implement decisions
See this in the draft constitution, Part 7

Your Voice Matters.

One or two plain sentences setting up the question about this Part.A statement about this Part, for people to agree or disagree with.

What It Means For Us

We will be able to work together more efficiently to come to a mutual agreement. Our judicial council will be rooted in Squamish values, and make sure the constitution is being followed.

See this in the draft constitution, Part 7

Your voice matters.

Tell us what this section means to you.

We're asking for feedback from members of the Squamish Nation. Before your first answer or comment, we'll ask once whether you're a member.

Hands carving a cedar pole.

Part 8

Law-Making

Part eight gives you a say in how we make new laws.

It’s about how we choose to live as a community.

Tell us what you think

Guiding Principles

The Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Government must have the authority to govern its own affairs, including:

  • The health, education and wellbeing of Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Members
  • The ability to make agreements with other governments to harmonize laws while remaining sovereign
See this in the draft constitution, Part 8

Commitments

The Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Government will create a law about how laws are made, and:

  • Include Members in the process
  • Speak to how laws can be amended
  • Consider how laws are enforced
  • Create an accessible registry of laws
See this in the draft constitution, Part 8

Your Voice Matters.

One or two plain sentences setting up the question about this Part.A statement about this Part, for people to agree or disagree with.

What It Means For Us

We look after our own in all ways, prioritizing Sḵwx̱wú7mesh governance above all. Every law will be clear to understand and available to review. And any council must consult Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Members about future laws.

See this in the draft constitution, Part 8

Your voice matters.

Tell us what this section means to you.

We're asking for feedback from members of the Squamish Nation. Before your first answer or comment, we'll ask once whether you're a member.

Hands carving a cedar pole.

Part 9

Agreements

Part nine protects your interests when the Squamish government makes decisions on our behalf.

It’s about putting our care in the right hands.

Tell us what you think

Guiding Principles

Any agreements the Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Government makes must align with our values, including:

  • Respect
  • Reciprocity
  • The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP)
  • Our collective benefit
  • The long-term well-being of Sḵwx̱wú7mesh People
See this in the draft constitution, Part 9

Your Voice Matters.

One or two plain sentences setting up the question about this Part.A statement about this Part, for people to agree or disagree with.

What It Means For Us

Outside agreements must benefit and engage our community. They must abide by the international law of the rights of Indigenous Peoples. Our leaders are required to put our People first.

See this in the draft constitution, Part 9

Your voice matters.

Tell us what this section means to you.

We're asking for feedback from members of the Squamish Nation. Before your first answer or comment, we'll ask once whether you're a member.

Hands carving a cedar pole.

Part 10

Amending the Constitution

Part ten makes sure the constitution is working for you and can be improved over time.

It grows with our people.

Tell us what you think

Commitments

There are different ways to propose changes to the constitution:

  • A petition signed by at least 25% of eligible votes
  • A resolution of the People’s Assembly
  • A resolution of Council
  • A scheduled review
    • Within the first 5 years
    • Every 15 years after that

Any changes to the constitution must involve the community:

  • All Sḵwx̱wú7mesh People must be notified
  • A minimum of 60 days noticed must be given
  • Background and rationale must be shared
  • Information must be available in person and online

Changes will only be approved through a referendum, if:

  • A majority of eligible voters cast a vote
  • The majority of the votes cast are in support
  • Voting procedures are fair, secure, and accessible
  • Results are transparent

An oversight committee will be created to:

  • Monitor whether the constitution is being used effectively
  • Ensure that the needs of Sḵwx̱wú7mesh People are being prioritized
  • Report on any challenges and concerns
  • Recommend reviews or changes
See this in the draft constitution, Part 10

Your Voice Matters.

One or two plain sentences setting up the question about how the Constitution can be changed.A statement about how the Constitution can be changed, for people to agree or disagree with.

Your voice matters.

Tell us what this section means to you.

We're asking for feedback from members of the Squamish Nation. Before your first answer or comment, we'll ask once whether you're a member.

Hands carving a cedar pole.

Part 11

Definitions

The words the Constitution uses in a specific way, and what each of them means.

Tell us what you think
Council
means the Council of Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw;
Lands, waters and air and all living things within our Siyám̓in (Territory)
includes natural resources, the ocean floor, submerged lands, and sub-surface;
Law
includes a code, bylaw or law-making protocol;
Majority
means at least fifty percent [50%] plus one;
Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Siyám̓in
refers to our territory and homelands, including the lands, waters, and air, for which we have a responsibility that stretch from the south arm of the Fraser River, including Richmond, to Stlka’ya (Roberts Creek) in the west; then north along the height of land to the Elaho River headwaters, covering all of the waters and islands in Átl'ka7tsem, Nexwnéwu7ts, or Txwnéwu7ts (Howe Sound), the entire Squamish Valley and Howe Sound drainages; then southeast to the confluence of the Soo and Green Rivers north from skwikw (Whistler); then south along the height of land to T’item’tsn (Port Moody) area, including the entire Mamquam River and Indian Arm drainages; and
Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw Government
is comprised of the People’s Assembly and Council, subject to any changes to the structure of the government set out in a a Sḵwx̱wú7mesh law made under section 6.3.

Your voice matters.

Tell us what this section means to you.

We're asking for feedback from members of the Squamish Nation. Before your first answer or comment, we'll ask once whether you're a member.

THIS IS HISTORIC! Stay in the loop.

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The draft constitution

First draft for review (March 13, 2026)

First draft for review (March 13, 2026). Every word below is the draft's own, unedited.

PreambleOur Story

We are the Skwxwú7mesh Úxwumixw.

We are the descendants of the original people of these lands. We are the people of the wind, the rivers, the mountains, the forests and the ocean. Our ancestors lived with and walked on the lands with wisdom and strength, as we do today. The connection between our Stélmexw (people) and our X̱ay Temíxw (sacred lands) is woven through our creation stories, our language, and our ancestral names and place names. Our snew̓íyelh (teachings) come from the longhouse, the land, and the wisdom of our Elders passed on through our history, ceremonies and culture. They are the foundation of our laws and way of life.

We have endured many chapters of change. Yet, we remain. We are resilient. We are proud. We are thriving. We honour our responsibility to the land and our sacred relationship with all living beings in order to protect our Siyám̓in (Territory) for the generations yet to come.

We hold up our siyám̓s (respected ones), our elders, our children, and our ancestors. We celebrate the strength of our families, the unity of our communities, and the sacredness of our relationships. We stand together as a Nation, with one heart and one mind.

This Constitution is our collective voice, prayer and our promise to protect future generations. It is a living document – rooted in our traditions, building on the 1923 Prayer of Amalgamation that brought us together, and shaped by our vision of the future. It is a bridge between our past and our future – as a Nation that is sovereign, self-sustaining, culturally vibrant, and united.

We will continue to walk in two worlds, guided by our snew̓íyelh (teachings) and empowered by our knowledge. We will use the tools of today to preserve the collective wisdom of yesterday for the generations of tomorrow.

We are Sḵwx̱wú7mesh. We have always been here, we are here, and we will always be here.

[The PREAMBLE will be translated into Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Sníchim in the next version.]

Part 1Interpretation (Including Values and Principles)

[INTRO SECTION to be written in Sḵwx̱wú7mesh sníchim and then translated into English with a focus on the Sḵwx̱wú7mesh worldview. This will be included in the next version.]

General

1.1This Constitution is a sacred commitment to our people, our ancestors, and our descendants. It is a promise to protect what is ours, to govern with integrity, and to walk forward together in strength and dignity.

1.2The purpose of this Constitution is to define the relationship between Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Stélmexw (Members), our Siyám̓in (Territory) and Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw Government.

1.3This Constitution builds on the 1923 Prayer of Amalgamation and is intended to further the objective, set out in that Prayer, of advancing:

“the good government of the tribe, which would have as an ultimate result the abolishment of ill feeling that has arisen in past transactions, and which we know will henceforce bring about a brotherly feeling among each and every member of the Squamish people.”

1.4This Constitution is the highest written law of Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw.

1.5Sḵwx̱wú7mesh laws must be consistent with this Constitution. Any Sḵwx̱wú7mesh law that is inconsistent with this Constitution is, to the extent of the inconsistency, of no force or effect.

Values

1.6The following deeply interconnected values will be considered in interpreting this Constitution and in carrying out duties and responsibilities in accordance with this Constitution:

(a)Úxwumixw refers to a group of people or a village of people and the people of the village must always come first. It is now used to describe our Nation.

(b)Snew̓íyelh refers to giving and receiving teachings and advice and encompasses the wisdom of the Ancestors and should be manifested in all we do.

(c)Siyám̓in means the territory held by a Siy̓ám̓. It is now used to refer to Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw’s territory and encompasses our collective responsibility to care for and protect these lands for future generations.

(d)Nexwníw̓ refers to our upbringing and obligation to bring snew̓íyelh into the work we do by following our family and ancestral teachings.

(e)Wanáxws refers to respect for all of creation, including the people, the animals, the plants, the land, the water, and our snew̓íyelh (teachings). This respect is what binds Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Stélmexw together.

(f)Stélmexw refers to living beings and is now used to refer to people. It encompasses the responsibility to know who you are and where you come from and our interconnectedness with the land and all living things.

Guiding Principles

1.7The following must be applied as guiding principles in the interpretation of this Constitution and in carrying out duties and responsibilities in accordance with this Constitution:

(a)respecting all Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Stélmexw equally;

(b)providing opportunities for meaningful participation of all Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Stélmexw in significant decisions;

(c)upholding our sovereignty, cultural identity, values, laws, and the collective rights of Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw;

(d)improving the quality of life and supporting the wellness and empowerment of Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Stélmexw, acknowledging the impacts of colonization and committing to intergenerational healing;

(e)revitalizing our language and strengthening our culture; and

(f)recognizing our sacred responsibility to care for and protect the lands, waters, and air of our Siyám̓in (Territory).

Part 2Our People

[INTRO SECTION to be written in Sḵwx̱wú7mesh sníchim and then translated into English with a focus on the Sḵwx̱wú7mesh worldview. This will be included in the next version.]

Recognition of membership

2.1Membership in Sḵwxwú7mesh Úxwumixw shall be guided by principles of ancestry, belonging, and community acceptance.

2.2Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw has the exclusive right to define our own membership, including the recognition of descendants, adopted members, and those who live and uphold our ways.

2.3Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw Government will enact a law or code implementing the Nation’s right referred to in section 2.2 that:

(a)recognizes who is a Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Stélmexw;

(b)establishes the process for becoming a Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Stélmexw; and

(c)reflects our values of inclusion, family unity, and cultural continuity.

Part 3Rights and Responsibilities of Skwxwú7mesh Stélmexw

[INTRO SECTION to be written in Sḵwx̱wú7mesh sníchim and then translated into English with a focus on the Sḵwx̱wú7mesh worldview. This will be included in the next version.]

Collective Rights

3.1Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw holds hereditary authority and title and rights, including cultural and intellectual property rights, on a collective basis and will protect the integrity of this authority, this title and these rights.

Individual Rights

3.2Subject to reasonable limits prescribed by Skwxwú7mesh law or policy and the obligation of Skwxwú7mesh Úxwumixw Government to adhere to the values and guiding principles set out in Part 1 (Interpretation), Skwxwú7mesh Stélmexw have the right to:

(a)practice and pass on cultural traditions, ceremonies, and our snew̓íyelh (teachings);

(b)raise children in safety and with cultural support;

(c)enter, remain in and leave Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Siyám̓in (Territory);

(d)fish, hunt, trap and harvest plants and other resources sustainably across Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Siyám̓in;

(e)clean water, air, and a healthy environment within Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Siyám̓in;

(f)vote in elections and referenda, run for office, and have a voice in decisions that have a significant impact on Skwxwú7mesh Úxwumixw;

(g)equal protection and benefit of Skwxwú7mesh law, including equitable access to community services and to employment opportunities provided by the Skwxwú7mesh Úxwumixw Government without discrimination and, in particular, without discrimination based on race or ethnicity, colour, religion, residence, place of origin, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender, marital status, family status, political orientation, or mental or physical ability; and

(h)be informed and engaged, publicly express views and opinions and access public information, including Skwxwú7mesh laws, in relation to Skwxwú7mesh Úxwumixw Government affairs.

Responsibilities of Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Stélmexw

3.3Every Skwxwú7mesh Stélmexw has the responsibility to:

(a)know who you are and where you come from;

(b)honour and uphold the snew̓íyelh (teachings) of our ancestors;

(c)use and care for our lands, waters, and air, recognizing the importance of protecting these for future generations;

(d)care for and support one another to ensure no one is left behind; and

(e)use the gifts you were born with to give back to and strengthen Skwxwú7mesh Úxwumixw by participating, where possible, in community life, ceremonies, and governance; and

(f)uphold this Constitution and all Skwxwú7mesh laws.

Part 4Our Languages

[INTRO SECTION to be written in Sḵwx̱wú7mesh sníchim and then translated into English with a focus on the Sḵwx̱wú7mesh worldview. This will be included in the next version.]

Official languages

4.1The official languages of Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw are Sḵwx̱wú7mesh sníchim and English.

Protection and promotion of Sḵwx̱wú7mesh sníchim

4.2Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw and our Government have an obligation to protect, promote and revitalize Sḵwx̱wú7mesh sníchim and integrate our language into all aspects of our lives.

Rights

4.3Every Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Stélmexw has the right to:

(a)speak, use, learn and pass on Sḵwx̱wú7mesh sníchim; and

(b)access to Sḵwx̱wú7mesh sníchim and cultural programs regardless of age, ability, or residency.

Vision

4.4Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw Government will take steps to implement the vision of Sḵwx̱wú7mesh sníchim once again becoming the language in which our Government functions.

Use of Sḵwx̱wú7mesh sníchim

4.5Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw Government will actively encourage the use of Sḵwx̱wú7mesh sníchim for place names, public signage and official communications.

Part 5Our Siyám̓in (Territory)

[INTRO SECTION to be written in Sḵwx̱wú7mesh sníchim and then translated into English with a focus on the Sḵwx̱wú7mesh worldview. This will be included in the next version.]

5.1We are rooted and come from the lands, waters and mountains of the Salish Sea region in present day British Columbia. Our territory and homelands stretch from the south arm of the Fraser River, including Richmond, to Stlka’ya (Roberts Creek) in the west; then north along the height of land to the Elaho River headwaters, covering all of the waters and islands in Átl'ka7tsem, Nexwnéwu7ts, or Txwnéwu7ts (Howe Sound), the entire Squamish Valley and Howe Sound drainages; then southeast to the confluence of the Soo and Green Rivers north from skwikw (Whistler); then south along the height of land to T’item’tsn (Port Moody) area, including the entire Mamquam River and Indian Arm drainages.

5.2Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw has inherent responsibility for all lands, waters, air and all living things within Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Siyám̓in (Territory). Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw’s rights to and authority over our Siyám̓in flow from this responsibility.

5.3Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw shall protect and use Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Siyám̓in (Territory), including the lands, waters, air, and all living things, for the benefit of present and future generations of all Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Stélmexw.

5.4Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw Government will enact laws, and develop policies, land use plans (including the X̱ay Temíxw), and protocols to uphold the Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw’s responsibility and authority under sections 5.2 and 5.3 and ensure responsible stewardship of Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Siyám̓in (Territory).

5.5In protecting and using our Siyám̓in (Territory), Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw will act as stewards of the territory and focus on:

(a)restoring, and reclaiming ecosystems;

(b)preserving traditional practices such as fishing, hunting, gathering, and medicine harvesting;

(c)supporting development that is sustainable;

(d)ensuring that development and resource use align with the cultural values and needs of Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw;

(e)responding to climate change; and

(f)regulating activities that may harm the environment.

5.6Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw will build and maintain partnerships and protocols to advance sustainability and stewardship of our Siyám̓in (Territory) with neighbouring Nations and other governments based on mutual respect.

Part 6Working Together (including Government and Administration)

[INTRO SECTION to be written in Sḵwx̱wú7mesh sníchim and then translated into English with a focus on the Sḵwx̱wú7mesh worldview. This will be included in the next version.]

Foundations of Working Together

6.1Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw recognizes that cooperation, give and take, and collective responsibility formed, and will continue to form, the foundation of community life and leadership within the Nation.

6.2Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw Government has the authority to:

(a)act on behalf of Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw as set out in this Constitution and Sḵwx̱wú7mesh laws; and

(b)carry out responsibilities assigned to Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw or our Government under other governments’ legislation.

6.3Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw Government will enact a law that sets out:

(a)the structure and responsibilities of the bodies that collectively comprise Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw Government; and

(b)the process for selecting members of Council.

6.4The law referred to in section 6.3 will integrate cultural protocols and consensus-building practices into Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw Government’s decision-making processes. This law may also provide for the establishment of bodies to advise Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw Government.

Leadership and Community Relationships

6.5Members of Council must embody the values of humility, service, inclusivity, and accessibility, consistent with our snew̓íyelh (teachings).

6.6Members of Council will be available to Skwxwú7mesh Stélmexw through regular community visits and open forums, and communicate transparently.

Administration and Financial Management

6.7Administrative operations will be guided by principles of transparency, accountability, equity, fairness, and the values and guiding principles set out in Part 1 (Interpretation).

6.8Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw Government will enact a law that sets out the general structure of Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw Government’s administration and financial management processes. This law will incorporate commitments to:

(a)establishing and maintaining sound financial management practices;

(b)establishing bodies or committees and processes that provide for independent oversight of Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw Government’s financial administration;

(c)protecting Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw’s assets and finances;

(d)reflecting the needs of all Skwxwú7mesh Stélmexw, including those residing off-reserve, in programs and services, to the extent it is practical;

(e)clearly communicating financial decisions to Skwxwú7mesh Stélmexw; and

(f)reporting in a transparent and effective manner, including making budgets, audits, and expenditures publicly accessible to Skwxwú7mesh Stélmexw.

Part 7Dispute Resolution

[INTRO SECTION to be written in Sḵwx̱wú7mesh sníchim and then translated into English with a focus on the Sḵwx̱wú7mesh worldview. This will be included in the next version.]

Purpose and Principles

7.1Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw affirms that dispute resolution shall be rooted in our snew̓íyelh (teachings), cultural practices, and community values.

7.2The purpose of dispute resolution is to restore harmony, strengthen relationships, and uphold accountability within Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw.

7.3All dispute resolution processes shall be guided by the principles of respect, kinship, healing, compassion and transparency.

Responsibility for Dispute Resolution

7.4Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw Government will enact a law that establishes the Sḵwx̱wú7mesh judicial council that will have authority to hear challenges to the validity of Sḵwx̱wú7mesh laws.

7.5The Sḵwx̱wú7mesh judicial council will:

(a)be independent;

(b)have the authority to conduct hearings, make recommendations and render binding decisions;

(c)be guided by the values and guiding principles set out in Part 1 (Interpretation); and

(d)carry out any additional responsibilities assigned to it by Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw Government.

7.6The law enacted under section 7.4 may also:

(a)recognize that Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw Government has established bodies and committees, and appointed individuals, that have dispute resolution responsibilities;

(b)establish other bodies or committees, or appoint individuals, to carry out dispute resolution responsibilities;

(c)acknowledge and support restorative justice and community and family circle initiatives; and

(d)instruct the Sḵwx̱wú7mesh judicial council, other dispute resolution bodies, committees or individuals to carry out specific functions.

Part 8Law-Making

[INTRO SECTION to be written in Sḵwx̱wú7mesh sníchim and then translated into English with a focus on the Sḵwx̱wú7mesh worldview. This will be included in the next version.]

Authority to make laws

8.1Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw Government has the jurisdiction and authority to exercise Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw’s inherent right to self-determination and to govern its own affairs.

8.2Skwxwú7mesh Úxwumixw Government will enact a law setting out which bodies or processes have law-making authority in respect of specific matters.

Law-making processes

8.3Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw Government will enact a law that establish processes to:

(a)engage with Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Stélmexw in respect of proposed laws;

(b)develop, enact and amend Sḵwx̱wú7mesh laws;

(c)bring Sḵwx̱wú7mesh laws into force; and

(d)publish Sḵwx̱wú7mesh laws.

Additional law-making authority

8.4In addition to the law-making authority set out in sections 2.3, 5.4, 6.3 6.8, 7.4, 8.2, 8.3 and 9.4 of the Constitution, Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw Government has the authority to make laws respecting:

(a)the health, education and wellbeing of Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Stélmexw, including laws related to children and families; and

(b)programs and services provided by Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw Government that support health, education and wellbeing, including those related to children and families.

Registry of laws

8.5Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw Government will establish and maintain a public registry of Sḵwx̱wú7mesh laws that is accessible to Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Stélmexw.

Harmonization of laws

8.6Council may enter into agreements with other governments or entities to harmonize laws while maintaining sovereignty.

Part 9Agreements

[INTRO SECTION to be written in Sḵwx̱wú7mesh sníchim and then translated into English with a focus on the Sḵwx̱wú7mesh worldview. This will be included in the next version.]

Foundations of Agreement-Making

9.1Agreements entered into by Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw Government must:

(a)be guided by and reflect:

(i)Sḵwx̱wú7mesh laws, authorities, principles, and values of respect and reciprocity; and

(ii)international law, including the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) and other relevant covenants; and

(b)advance collective benefits and the long-term well-being of Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw.

9.2Subject to section 9.3, Council has the authority to negotiate and approve agreements with other governments, corporations and other organizations through a process that:

(a)is accountable;

(b)is as transparent as possible; and

(c)involves community engagement in accordance with Sḵwx̱wú7mesh laws, values, principles and practices.

9.3An agreement that may have a significant impact on Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Siyám̓in (Territory) or Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw’s financial position or sustainable future must be approved by Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Stélmexw through a referendum before the Council can provide final approval.

9.4Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw Government will enact a law to establish:

(a)what constitutes a significant impact; and

(b)when community engagement may not be required.

Part 10Amendments to and Oversight of the Constitution

[INTRO SECTION to be written in Sḵwx̱wú7mesh sníchim and then translated into English with a focus on the Sḵwx̱wú7mesh worldview. This will be included in the next version.]

Purpose and Principles

10.1This Constitution is a living document, created by and for Sḵwx̱wú7mesÚxwumixw, and shall be amended only in accordance with the principles of transparency, inclusivity, cultural integrity, and member participation.

Authority to Initiate an Amendment

10.2An amendment to this Constitution may be initiated by:

(a)Skwxwú7mesh Stélmexw, through a petition signed by no less than 25% of eligible voters;

(b)the People’s Assembly, by resolution;

(c)the Council, by resolution;

(d)a scheduled review within 5 years of this Constitution coming into effect; or

(e)a scheduled constitutional review occurring no less than once every 15 years after the first scheduled review.

Amendment Proposal Process

10.3Upon initiation of an amendment, the proposed amendment shall be subject to a community engagement process, which shall include:

(a)notification to all Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Stélmexw, including those residing off-reserve, with a minimum of 60 days’ notice prior to any vote;

(b)distribution of background information and rationale for the proposed amendment; and

(c)direct outreach to Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Stélmexw through various mechanisms that are both in-person and virtual and enable the inclusion of diverse representation.

Approval

10.4A proposed amendment shall be approved through a referendum in which:

(a)a majority of eligible voters cast a vote in the referendum and a majority of the votes that are cast support the proposed amendments;

(b)voting procedures are conducted in a fair, secure, and accessible manner; and

(c)the results are recorded and reported on in a transparent manner.

Ongoing Oversight

10.5A constitutional oversight committee shall be established to:

(a)monitor the implementation, effectiveness and relevance of the Constitution;

(b)identify and report on implementation challenges and community concerns regarding the Constitution; and

(c)recommend constitutional reviews or amendments as necessary.

Part 11Definitions

Council
means the Council of Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw;
Lands, waters and air and all living things within our Siyám̓in (Territory)
includes natural resources, the ocean floor, submerged lands, and sub-surface;
Law
includes a code, bylaw or law-making protocol;
Majority
means at least fifty percent [50%] plus one;
Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Siyám̓in
refers to our territory and homelands, including the lands, waters, and air, for which we have a responsibility that stretch from the south arm of the Fraser River, including Richmond, to Stlka’ya (Roberts Creek) in the west; then north along the height of land to the Elaho River headwaters, covering all of the waters and islands in Átl'ka7tsem, Nexwnéwu7ts, or Txwnéwu7ts (Howe Sound), the entire Squamish Valley and Howe Sound drainages; then southeast to the confluence of the Soo and Green Rivers north from skwikw (Whistler); then south along the height of land to T’item’tsn (Port Moody) area, including the entire Mamquam River and Indian Arm drainages; and
Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw Government
is comprised of the People’s Assembly and Council, subject to any changes to the structure of the government set out in a a Sḵwx̱wú7mesh law made under section 6.3.